Spinal Surgery
 Spinal Cord: Cervical and Thoracic
Cervical spine surgery refers to surgery of the upper spinal column, or the neck. Thoracic surgery is surgery involving the thorax, or part of the spine that lies between the rib cage.
Anatomical Structures at Risk:
- Brainstem somatosensory pathways
- Spinal cord
- Spinal cord motor pathways
Monitoring Modalities Used During Surgery:
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Lumbar and Sacral Spine
- Decompression and Fusion
- Tethered cord
Lumbar spine surgery refers to procedures involving the spinal cord, from the bottom of the rib cage to the pelvis. Sacral spine surgeries are procedures that involve the triangular segment of the spinal column, or the pelvis.
Anatomical Structures at Risk:
- Lumbar and sacral nerve roots
- Spinal cord
- Spinal cord motor pathways
Monitoring Modalities Used During Surgery:
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Anterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion (ALIF)
Anterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion (ALIF) is a procedure for degenerative disc disease. Treatment involves fusing vertebrae together in order to stabilize the spine and reduce or eliminate pain in the leg or back.
Anatomical Structures at Risk:
- Spinal cord
- Lumbar and sacral nerve roots
Monitoring Modalities Used During Surgery:
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Anterior Cervical Discectomy
Anterior Cervical Discectomy is performed to remove a herniated or diseased disc, relieving pain from the neck and arm.
Anatomical Structures at Risk:
- Spinal cord
- Spinal cord motor pathways
Monitoring Modalities Used During Surgery:
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Kyphoplasty
Kyphoplasty is a treatment for osteoporosis-related spine fractures. Surgery helps to straighten the spine and provides relief of back pain.
Anatomical Structures at Risk:
- Spinal cord
- Spinal cord motor pathways
Monitoring Modalities Used During Surgery:
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Laminoplasty
Laminoplasty is performed to relieve pressure in the neck by creating more space for the spinal cord and roots.
Anatomical Structures at Risk:
- Spinal cord
- Spinal cord motor pathways
Monitoring Modalities Used During Surgery:
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Laminectomy
A laminectomy is a surgical procedure for the treatment of stenosis, or narrowing of the spinal canal. The surgery removes the lamina to relieve pressure on the spinal cord and nerve roots.
Anatomical Structures at Risk:
- Spinal cord
- Spinal cord motor pathways
Monitoring Modalities Used During Surgery:
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Lumbar Corpectomy
Surgery is performed to correct deformities of the spinal column and relieve pain resulting from vertebrae that block and pinch the spinal cord.
Anatomical Structures at Risk:
- Lumbar and sacral nerve roots
- Spinal cord
- Spinal cord motor pathways
Monitoring Modalities Used During Surgery:
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Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion (PLIF)
Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion is performed to stabilize the spine by fusing vertebrae together using bone and graft material.
Anatomical Structures at Risk:
- Lumbar and sacral nerve roots
- Spinal cord
- Spinal cord motor pathways
Monitoring Modalities Used During Surgery:
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Spinal Fusion
Spinal fusion is performed for the correction of spondylolisthesis, or displacement of the lower vertebrae.
Anatomical Structures at Risk:
- Lumbar and sacral nerve roots
- Spinal cord
- Spinal cord motor pathways
Monitoring Modalities Used During Surgery:
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Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion (TLIF)
This surgery fuses vertebrae together using bone and graft material in order to stabilize the spine for patients suffering from degenerative disc disease.
Anatomical Structures at Risk:
- Lumbar and sacral nerve roots
- Spinal cord
- Spinal cord motor pathways
Monitoring Modalities Used During Surgery:
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Lateral Lumbar Interbody Fusion (XLIF)
Lateral Lumbar Interbody Fusion is used in the treatment of degenerative disc disease to treat leg or back pain.
Anatomical Structures at Risk:
- Lumbar and sacral nerve roots
- Spinal cord
- Spinal cord motor pathways
Monitoring Modalities Used During Surgery:
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